1. Determine the Type of Visa You Need
Family Visa: If you have close family members in Spain, you may be eligible for a family reunification visa.
2. Apply for Your Visa
- Completing the visa application form
- Submitting a valid passport with at least six months’ validity
- Proof of financial stability (bank statements, proof of income)
- Health insurance that covers you in Spain
- Proof of accommodation in Spain (rental contract, hotel booking)
- Background check from the FBI or local law enforcement
- Medical examination (if required)
It’s essential to apply for your visa well in advance, as processing times can vary. Depending on the type of visa, the process may take several weeks or even months.
3. Find Housing in Spain
Another important stage is to find housing to rent in Spain. Before even arriving in the country you can begin your search for rental property through the internet. There is Idealista and Fotocasa here where people search for apartments or houses to rent in different parts of Spain. The general advice about planning ahead applies even more to the regions that might be specific to large cities such as Madrid or Barcelona, as the demand for housing may be high.
If you are unsure of the contracts that are used in Spain, it may be prudent to get the services of an estate agent or an organization that deals with expatriates. Be prepared to provide the following:
- Proof of income or employment
- References from previous landlords
- Identification documents
- A deposit (usually one or two months’ rent)
4. Set Up Your Finances
The expenses which have to be controlled before and after the move are: First, you should open a Spanish bank account since all the bills, rents and wages, if you are going to have a job, will require it. To open an account, you’ll generally need:- A valid passport
- Proof of address in Spain (such as a lease agreement)
- NIE (Número de Identificación de Extranjero), which is the Spanish identification number for foreigners
You’ll also want to understand taxation in Spain. Spain taxes residents on worldwide income, so you must file taxes in Spain if you become a resident (typically after staying for more than 183 days in a year). The U.S. has tax treaties with Spain to avoid double taxation, but it’s advisable to consult with a tax professional familiar with both U.S. and Spanish tax systems.
5. Health Insurance in Spain
Spain has an excellent healthcare system, but you will need to arrange for health coverage. If you’re working in Spain, you will typically be covered by the public health insurance system (Seguridad Social). However, if you’re moving as a retiree or under a non-lucrative visa, you’ll need private health insurance until you’re eligible for public coverage.
Several private insurance providers in Spain offer a variety of plans tailored to expats. Make sure your health insurance covers both emergency and routine care. If you’re already covered in the U.S., check whether your insurance provides international coverage.
6. Register with Local Authorities
After you get to Spain you will have to visit the Local Office of the town where you are to live at and fill a form with the town hall (Ayuntamiento). This registration is useful for procuring an empadronamiento (residency certificate) which will be required for various administrative purposes including creating utilities or joining a health care plan.
Moreover, if your stay exceeds half a year, receiving an NIE (Número de Identificación de Extranjero) number – foreigner’s identification number will be required. In other words, this number is essential to be able to work, receive a salary, register a bank account on which to deposit a salary and sign a rental agreement.
7. Learn Spanish
As much as it may not be mandatory it would be very useful for one to learn Spanish to help him/her in with the adaptation process to Spain. While travelling between cities most individuals understand English but the official language is Spanish and being able to express yourself will enhance your interaction.
You might start learning Spanish before you move or immediately after arriving to your destination. Various language schools and local community centers teach languages for a low price for people at different stages of language learning.
8. Plan Your International Move
Once your visa and housing are sorted, it’s time to arrange your move. International moving companies can help you ship your belongings to Spain. Research reputable companies, read reviews, and get multiple quotes. Make sure you understand Spain’s customs regulations and any restrictions on bringing items into the country.
Additionally, if you plan to drive in Spain, check if you need to exchange your U.S. driver’s license for a Spanish one, or if you can use it for a limited period (usually six months). Many expats also prefer to get used to public transportation, which is extensive and reliable in Spain’s major cities.
